C-2 · Orange Co., FL Code updated Jun 2025 GC · Maricopa, AZ Corridor expansion approved HC · Harris Co., TX Drive-thru stacking updated CB · Mecklenburg, NC FAR bonus program extended B-3 · Cook Co., IL CUP process streamlined BU-2 · Miami-Dade, FL Height limits amended C-2 · Fulton Co., GA Drive-thru by-right confirmed CS · Travis Co., TX New transit overlay effective CB · King Co., WA SEPA threshold raised M-1 · Duval Co., FL FAR increased to 0.50 MUDD · Charlotte, NC South End overlay expanded CG · Hillsborough, FL New drive-thru stacking rules C-2 · Orange Co., FL Code updated Jun 2025 GC · Maricopa, AZ Corridor expansion approved HC · Harris Co., TX Drive-thru stacking updated CB · Mecklenburg, NC FAR bonus program extended B-3 · Cook Co., IL CUP process streamlined BU-2 · Miami-Dade, FL Height limits amended C-2 · Fulton Co., GA Drive-thru by-right confirmed CS · Travis Co., TX New transit overlay effective CB · King Co., WA SEPA threshold raised M-1 · Duval Co., FL FAR increased to 0.50 MUDD · Charlotte, NC South End overlay expanded CG · Hillsborough, FL New drive-thru stacking rules

Commercial Zoning Glossary

Plain-language definitions of the most important terms in US commercial real estate zoning. From FAR to Variance — no law degree required.

FAR
Floor Area Ratio (FAR)

The ratio of total building floor area to lot area. FAR 0.40 on a 1-acre lot = max 17,424 sf of building.…

development standards
Setback

Minimum required distance between a building and a property line or right-of-way. Sets the buildable envelope on a lot.…

development standards
CUP
Conditional Use Permit (CUP)

Discretionary approval required for uses that are allowed in a zone only under specific conditions, typically after a pu…

entitlement process
By-Right Development

Development that is permitted as-of-right under existing zoning — no discretionary approval, public hearing, or variance…

entitlement process
Easement

A legal right to use another party's land for a specific purpose. Easements run with the land and can restrict developme…

land law
ROW
Right-of-Way (ROW)

The strip of land dedicated for public use as a road, sidewalk, or utility corridor. Setbacks are measured from the ROW …

land law
Variance

A discretionary exception to a specific zoning standard (setback, height, FAR) granted by the Board of Zoning Adjustment…

entitlement process
Lot Coverage / Impervious Surface

The maximum percentage of a lot that can be covered by impervious surfaces (buildings, parking, driveways). Controls sto…

development standards
Rezoning (Zoning Map Amendment)

A legislative change to the official zoning map that reclassifies a parcel from one zone to another. Requires planning c…

entitlement process
PD / PUD
Planned Development (PD / PUD)

A flexible zoning designation where standards are negotiated through a master development plan, allowing creative site d…

zone types